ROBOTS AS MODERN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

 Robots as humans, have made many technological advancements and scientific discoveries. One of the leading technological development spheres is robotics.

Firstly, as a playwright, the Czech writer Karel Capek used the word robot in his work "Rossum's Universal Robots." The word robot means "forced labor." Secondly, the word found its place in English. Thirdly, it has become an international term. It describes any machine that carries out its tasks automatically.

Generally, as human beings, we have physical and mental characteristics, cognitive abilities, consciousness, intuition, creativity, personal experience, and skills. Unlike us, robots move by written programs and algorithms. Moreover, companies build robots with a control system, a manipulator, and a drivetrain. The control system includes the processor, sensors, and actuators. Accordingly, the manipulator is the part that interacts with the environment. The drivetrain is responsible for movement.

The development process of robotics

George Devol and Joseph Engelberger founded the first robotics company, "Unimation," in 1956. The company called its first industrial robot Unimate. Some leading countries in the robotics sphere are Japan, South Korea, Germany, and the United States. These countries have made a lot of investments in the research and development of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation. Fanuc Global in Japan and Symbiotic in the United States are the two most influential companies in robotics. Fanuc Global started production in 1955. In the sphere of robotics, it produces robots and robot machines. It has many branches all over the world. Symbiotic, founded in 2007, produces robotics and has branches all over America. Robotics is also one of the developing branches of technology science in other countries.

About six Generations of robots

So far, there have been six generations of robots.

Firstly, robots came to light in the 1950s and 1960s. They were industrial robots used as mechanical devices and foreseen to do repetitive work. Secondly, IT engineers created innovative reprogrammable robots in the 1970s and 1980s. The robots worked in more flexible settings. Thirdly, robots with artificial intelligence and learning capacities became available for the first time in the 1990s. Fourthly, in the 2000s, they became autonomous due to sensors and started to work without human intervention. Fifthly, IT engineers launched new AI (artificial intelligence) robots in the 2010s. According to the environment, they could already make their own decisions. Lastly, since 2020, IT engineers have been developing the sixth generation of robots. They work on robots to make them more natural, communicative, and intuitive.

About Types of Robots

Nowadays, there are over thirty different classes of robots in the world. Here are some famous types of robots: industrial robots work in manufacturing. Thus, they perform tasks like welding, painting, drilling, placing, picking, packaging, soldering, etc. The most famous industrial robot is the articulated robot, which can have ten joints.

Service robots do cleaning, cooking, mowing, and other assisting work. The Roomba vacuum cleaner is one of the most popular service robots.

Humanoid robots are similar to humans. They work on research and development. Robots do activities like inspection, providing tools, or lifting weights. They can learn from their surroundings. The most well-known humanoid robot is Ameca. Collaborative Robots (cobots) assist us in the implementation of manual and dangerous tasks. They imitate our work movements and do such tasks daily. MyCobot is the world's smallest and lightest cobot robot, and UR20 is the largest. Agricultural Robots (agribots) have significance in doing work connected with harvest, irrigation, seeding, and agricultural monitoring. The Agrobot E-Series is known as the innovative generation of agribots.

The positive impacts of robots in our lives

From a positive point of view, people and robots can cooperate in various ways, work together, and share knowledge and resources. Robots have high efficiency and productivity in different types of industries. They can work in manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and military service, as well as in our houses as house facilities. Robots can perform repetitive, dangerous tasks that require high precision. They can access hard-to-reach environments and help reduce waste and energy consumption. Robots can also carry out tasks such as search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and space exploration. However, it is essential to realize that the development and use of robots can also have negative impacts.

Their negative impacts

Nowadays, robots are more involved in the work environment. They become competitors for us in the work market. It can lead to job displacement, salary or wage reductions, and unemployment. Especially the workers who work in construction or do other physical jobs can become target groups because of the availability of industrial robots.

From the point of view of environmental pollution, the creation of many types of robots can cause natural disasters as electronic waste increases.

Today, dependence on technology is tremendous because of phones and the internet. The development of communication between humanoid robots and people will cause strong dependency. We will not be able to imagine our lives without them.

There is also risk regarding cyber security. Using the internet, hackers can change and reprogram robots' data, which will become dangerous for our lives.

If robots become self-sufficient during their development process, we will lose control over their actions which also can bring risky situations.